What type of mining focuses on extracting minerals from the surface of the Earth?

Open-pit mining is the method focused on extracting minerals from the surface of the Earth. This mining technique involves creating a large, open excavation or pit from which minerals and other materials are extracted. It is typically used for minerals that are located near the surface and allows for the removal of large quantities of material efficiently.

In open-pit mining, lighter operations can be conducted, reducing the need for extensive tunneling which is often required in other methods like underground mining. This makes it an economical choice for extracting certain minerals. Given that the method utilizes the surface for extraction rather than moving underground, it is well-suited for large-scale operations where minerals are abundant near the topsoil.

Other methods, such as underground mining, shaft mining, and block mining, generally involve accessing the minerals located deep below the surface and require different techniques for excavation and extraction.